The budgets of libraries and archives, the institutions tasked with acting as society's memory, have been under sustained attack for a long time. I'm working on a talk and I needed an example. So I drew this graph of the British Library's annual income in real terms (year 2000 pounds). It shows that the Library's income has declined by almost 45% in the last decade.Memory institutions that can purchase only half what they could 10 years ago aren't likely to greatly increase funding for acquiring new stuff; it's going to be hard for them just to keep the stuff (and the staff) they already have.
Below the fold, the data for the graph and links to the sources.
The nominal income data was obtained from the British Library's Annual Report series. The real income was computed from it using the Bank of England's official inflation calculator. Here is the data from which the graph was drawn:
Year Nominal GBP Year 2000 GBP (millions) (millions) 2016 118.0 76.39 2015 117.8 77.59 2014 118.9 79.09 2013 124.7 84.90 2012 126.1 88.46 2011 140.1 101.44 2010 137.9 105.05 2009 142.2 113.32 2008 140.5 111.37 2007 141.2 116.39 2006 159.2 136.85 2005 136.9 121.44 2004 121.6 110.92 2003 119.5 112.25 2002 119.2 115.20 2001 120.9 118.80 2000 110.2 110.20 1999 112.3 115.62
8 comments:
I should have mentioned that other calculators of UK inflation, such as this one, generate slightly different real income figures, but not enough different to change the message of this post. I went with the official Bank of England calculator.
I should also have pointed out that the British Library is but one minor if severe casualty of the Conservative government's decade-long assault on the UK's public sector:
"In the period between the 1950s and 2010 government spending increased in real terms at an annual rate of 2.9% and the UK had a level of public expenditure relative to GDP comparable to most other OECD countries. Since 2010 the increase in government spending has fallen to an annual rate of 0.3% with the result that per person real spending per head has been flat. By 2020/21 per person real government spending per person will have fallen by 4% compared to 2010 when the coalition took office.
Within government there have been catastrophic cutbacks in departmental spending (17% overall) with cuts to education (14%), defence (18%) and Communities and Local Government (25%). The NHS has had an increased level of funding (5%) but this is totally inadequate to meet demographic growth and the needs of an ageing population. Welfare spending per person (excluding pensioners) has fallen 10% in real terms since 2010."
The result has been appalling:
"real household per capita income was a mere 1% higher in 2017 than it was a decade ago. In the years before 2007 the average annual increase in household real per capita income was 2.6%, however since then it has fallen to a mere 0.3%. This has to be the worst performance by any post-war government in the UK."
The BL's budget problems are symptomatic of UK libraries in general:
"The Chartered Institute of Public Finance and Accountancy’s annual survey of Great Britain’s libraries paints familiar picture: for the seventh year running, the number of branches and paid staff declined. There are now 3,745 branches remaining in England, Scotland and Wales, down by 105 since 2016, while the number of paid staff has declined by 5% compared with a year ago.
These falls come alongside a drop of £66m in total spend on council-run libraries, with visits down by 3% year on year, and by 14% over the last five years. The decline, according to the CIPFA figures, is almost across the board: book issues fell by 6.3% in the last year, and by 25.1% in the last five years. Book stock held is also down by 2.6%."
I finally got around to revisiting and updating your analysis David... Guess what, things haven't improved! https://anjackson.net/2024/11/27/updating-the-data-on-british-library-funding/
Andy, this is amazing synchronicity. For a paper I'm working on I also updated my 2017 graph. I took a slightly different approach, re-computing the whole graph using the 2022 updated CPI figures. I will probably replace my version in the paper with yours and reference your post, since it is a better story than mine.
I think it is worth pointing out that the anomalous spike in the 2007 budget was
caused by donations triple the average in that year.
Do you mean the 2006 budget?
One of the advantages of moving to the Digital Preservation Coalition is that I am able to put more of my time into research and advocacy. I'm very happy to hear you are working on a fresh paper in this area, and that you might be able to reuse my analysis!
Following on from your point about the donations, I went through the reports and broke the income streams down in more detail: https://anjackson.net/2024/11/29/british-library-funding-breakdown-trends/
Thanks, Andy! Your posts are a must-read. A 1/3 drop in real terms definitely makes the point of my post. And, yes, I meant the 2006 budget. It is impressive that the Internet Archive's budget, at around $43M, is almost a quarter of the BL's at around $180M.
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