2024 Optical Media Durability Update

Six years ago I posted Optical Media Durability and discovered:

Surprisingly, I'm getting good data from CD-Rs more than 14 years old, and from DVD-Rs nearly 12 years old. Your mileage may vary.

Here are the subsequent annual updates:

• 2019
• 2020
• 2021
• 2022
• 2023

It is time once again for the mind-numbing process of feeding 45 disks through the readers to verify their checksums, and yet again this year every single MD5 was successfully verified. Below the fold, the details.

Month	Media	Good	Bad	Vendor
01/04	CD-R	5x	0	GQ
05/04	CD-R	5x	0	Memorex
02/06	CD-R	5x	0	GQ
11/06	DVD-R	5x	0	GQ
12/06	DVD-R	1x	0	GQ
01/07	DVD-R	4x	0	GQ
04/07	DVD-R	3x	0	GQ
05/07	DVD-R	2x	0	GQ
07/11	DVD-R	4x	0	Verbatim
08/11	DVD-R	1x	0	Verbatim
05/12	DVD+R	2x	0	Verbatim
06/12	DVD+R	3x	0	Verbatim
04/13	DVD+R	2x	0	Optimum
05/13	DVD+R	3x	0	Optimum

The fields in the table are as follows:

• Month: The date marked on the media in Sharpie, and verified via the on-disk metadata.
• Media: The type of media.
• Good: The number of media with this type and date for which all MD5 checksums were correctly verified.
• Bad: The number of media with this type and date for which any file failed MD5 verification.
• Vendor: the vendor name on the media

The drives I use from ASUS and LG report significant numbers of read errors from the CDs but verify the MD5s correctly. I didn't notice them reporting any read errors from the DVDs. An off-brand drive fails to read the CDs, but read one of the older DVDs with no read errors.

Surprisingly, with no special storage precautions, generic low-cost media, and consumer drives, I'm getting good data from CD-Rs more than 20 years old, and from DVD-Rs nearly 18 years old. Your mileage may vary. Tune in again next year for another episode.

I also checked my Memorex NetBSD1.2 CD written in October 1996. It has checksums generated by cksum(1), all of which verified correctly despite a number of read errors. So that CD-R is delivering good data after nearly 28 years.